![]() ![]() Dissolved oxygen in the water is exchanged through the skin by diffusion. In water also, frogs respire through skin ( cutaneous respiration).During aestivation and hibernation, frog shows cutaneous respiration (through skin).Air enters into the buccal cavity through nostrils, and then into the lungs. A pair of lungs is present in the thorax region of the trunk. Respiration through lungs is called pulmonary respiration.On land, they respire through lungs, skin and buccal cavity.Adult frogs respire on land and in the water by two different methods.The undigested solid waste from intestines moves into the rectum and finally passes out through cloaca.It is the common external opening of both digestive and reproductive system.They increase the surface area for the absorption of digested food. There are numerous finger-like folds in the inner wall of intestine called villi and microvilli.Final digestion takes place in the intestine.Pancreatic juices – Digest carbohydrates and proteins.Duodenum receives this bile from gall bladder and pancreatic juices(containing digestive enzymes) from the pancreas through a common bile duct. The bile produced by liver is stored in gall bladder.Chyme (artially digested food) is passed from stomach to the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum.Digestion of food takes place by the action of these secretions.Walls of the stomach secrete HCl and gastricjuices.The structure of the alimentary canal is as follows:. ![]()
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